It’s been too long since I published the next post in this series, and for that I apologize, but I’m finally back at it now! I’ve enjoyed studying some awesome women we have as examples from the Old Testament, but I’m ready to move into the New Testament – how about you? The wonderful aspect of studying New Testament women is that we are going to learn a lot more about Jesus than we do the women themselves, and that’s just fine with me! Let’s get started with a closer look at Jesus’ interaction with the Samaritan woman at the well in John 4.

Jesus is breaking rules and social taboos…as usual! In order to even begin to understand this story, we must have somewhat of a grasp of Jewish/Samaritan relations. They weren’t too chummy, to say the least. The note in my NIV Study Bible explains that when making the journey Jesus made from Judea to Galilee, a Jew would normally avoid Samaria altogether by crossing the Jordan and traveling on the east side. Jews wanted to avoid Samaritans at all costs, so the fact that Jesus not only chose to travel through Samaria, but also stopped at Jacob’s well and had a conversation with this Samaritan woman was extremely shocking and scandalous. The Samaritan woman herself is quite surprised that Jesus speaks to her. When he asks her for a drink, she shows her shock by replying, “You are a Jew and I am a Samaritan woman. How can you ask me for a drink?” (4:9) She has every right to be surprised, for Jewish law stated that if a Jew even so much as touched a dish, cup, etc. that a Samaritan had touched, he would be ceremonially unclean. But, as usual, Jesus has no regard for these social and religious rules. He has stopped at the well for a reason, and it is more than simply a drink of water.
Jesus knows us completely. It should be our red alert that the woman is at the well by herself at noon. To ancient readers, this would have thrown up an immediate red flag. This woman should have gathered her water in the morning with the other women in her town, so the fact that she is there by herself in the heat of the day tells us something is wrong. Jesus gets to the heart of the matter in 4:16 when he tells the woman to go get her husband. She replies by saying that she has no husband. Jesus’ next comment must have taken her by surprise, for he knew more about her than she had probably bargained for. He says, “You are right when you say you have no husband. The fact is, you have had five husbands, and the man you now have is not your husband. What you have just said is quite true” (4:17-18). Ah! Now the mystery is solved. This woman is a social outcast, living in adultery, and is therefore forced to gather water alone when no one else will be at the well. This is the only way she can avoid the criticism and harassment of the other people in her town. So now, a new element is added: not only is Jesus talking to a Samaritan woman, but he is also talking to a social outcast. But of course this is the beauty of Jesus: He knows us completely, and loves us in spite of everything.
Jesus has and is the Living Water. Jesus initially baffles the Samaritan woman by talking to her about “living water.” She is completely confused by this reference, and implores him to tell her where she can find this living water so that she does not have to come to the well any more. Here we have a major communication mix up! The woman wants living water in the ancient Middle Eastern sense: a spring of flowing water that she can use for drinking, cooking, etc. If she could eliminate her daily trip to the well, then she could thereby eliminate the harassment and condemnation she experiences at the well. But of course Jesus is not talking about living water in the Middle Eastern sense – he is talking about himself and the eternal life that can be found in him. He says, rather cryptically might I add, “Whoever drinks the water I give him will never thirst. Indeed, the water I give him will become to him a spring of water welling up to eternal life” (4:14). My footnote explains that the expression Jesus uses – “welling up” – is a very vigorous one, with a meaning similar to “leaping up.” Jesus is speaking of powerful, abundant life, life that is eternal and not just limited to our earthly one. The woman wants this water so that she can avoid her daily trip to the well, but what Jesus wants her to realize is that if she accepts his living water she will have something greater than freedom from condemnation by her peers – she will have freedom from condemnation by God, through life in Christ.
The location of worship is irrelevant. The Samaritan woman seems to become uncomfortable with the conversation at certain points and attempts to change the subject. Her first attempt at this is to begin some form of religious debate with Jesus concerning where is the correct place of worship. She entices him by saying that the Samaritans believe they must worship on a mountain, while the Jews claim that the appropriate place to worship is in Jerusalem. I feel as if she must have pressed Jesus’ button or something, because he totally blasts her with his response. I can just picture him getting so agitated with her. He says,
Believe me, woman, a time is coming when you will worship the Father neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem. You Samaritans worship what you do not know; we worship what we do know, for salvation is from the Jews. Yet a time is coming and has now come when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth, for they are the kind of worshipers the Father seeks. God is spirit, and his worshipers must worship in spirit and in truth (4:21-24).
Does his response confuse you? Let me try to translate: it doesn’t matter where you go to worship God. In order to truly worship God, one must keep in accordance with his nature, which is a spirit nature. The Samaritan woman did not need to be getting caught up in minor details like the best location of worship. Instead she needed to get her spirit right with God – then true worship could take place anywhere.
Jesus will silence our distractions. The last part of this story is so awesome! Jesus has been round and round with this woman, throwing her perplexing propositions and arguing religion, and she decides to just end it all with what strikes me as a cynical cop-out. She says, “I know that Messiah is coming. When he comes, he will explain everything to us” (4:25). In other words, “Let’s just quit talking about this because until the Messiah comes, we won’t have any answers.” But the Samaritan woman doesn’t get the last word; Jesus does. He tells her, “I who speak to you am he” (4:26). Wow. I wish I could have seen the look on her face. Was she confused? Did she believe him? Or did she just blow him off as some lunatic? We’ll never know, because unfortunately the story ends there with the disciples coming and crashing the party. But I simply find this ending so powerful. She is making another feeble attempt to distract Jesus, turn the conversation away so she does not have to deal with being uncomfortable. Jesus completely throws the book at her, though, by declaring that he is the Messiah she has been speaking of. It’s somewhat ironic, isn’t it? She wants to avoid this controversial religious discussion and avoid talking about her life of sin by putting it off until the Messiah comes (presumably an event in the very distant future), when little does she know she has been talking to him the entire time. There’s no point in saving this discussion for the Messiah – she’s already had it! That’s the power of Jesus. Confusing sometimes? Yes, most definitely, but always comforting as well. We don’t have to wait around for Jesus or worry about religious laws dictating who we can talk to or where we can worship. We have a living Savior that has taken care of all that, and all we have to do is live in that liberating knowledge and worship him in joy and adoration.